Preclinical evaluation of a lowcost mechanical ventilato
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus placed the global health systems
in crisis due to the shortage of materials, devices, and emergency ventilation equipment for
the Intensive Care Units (ICU). Low-cost ventilator designs emerged as a necessary option for
many countries seeking to ameliorate the impact and demands for respiratory equipment. At the
Costa Rica Institute of Technology (ITCR), a prototype mechanical ventilator (TEC-Ventilator)
was developed with the following features: the capability to achieve a tidal volume of 250 to 800
mL with controlled increments of 50 mL, a respiratory rate of 10 to 30 breaths/min, a variable
Inspiration:Expiration ratio from 1:1 to 1:5, and a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2
) of 21-70%.
The safety and effectiveness of the device were evaluated in a preclinical study with eight pigs
induced with acute lung injury, seven of which met the conditions for ventilator performance
evaluation. Its performance was compared to that of a commercial ventilator used as a control
by analyzing the statistical variation of parameters such as O2
SAT, pO2
, pCO2
, pH, HCO3
-
, base
excess, mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RESP), and heart rate (HR). It was found
that the TEC ventilator provided stability of parameters equivalent to the commercial control.
Additionally, the TEC ventilator did not cause complications and effectively managed respiratory
failure in 100% of the evaluated subjects.
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