Microalgae as expression systems for recombinant protein production
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Abstract
In the field of biotechnology, recombinant proteins have revolutionized many industries,
including pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and bioenergy. By producing high-value proteins
in heterologous hosts, cell factories may offer a more efficient, cost-effective, scalable, and
environmentally friendly solution to traditional protein production and extraction methods,
which can be highly laborious and resource intensive. Microalgae have emerged as attractive
hosts due to their Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status, versatile metabolism, genetic
diversity between species, ease of cultivation and scale-up, and general cost-effectiveness.
For genetic engineering, their capability for complex protein synthesis and post-translational
modifications and ease of transformation in comparison with chasses outside of their category
make microalgae an advantageous solution on many fronts. Microalgae can be transformed to
enable efficient protein expression, most commonly in the nucleus and the chloroplast, each
with their specific advantages and limitations. The present literature review compiles some
of the techniques, features, and latest advances related to recombinant protein production
in microalgae, exploring different genetic transformation techniques and their limitations.
Recombinant protein production is only one of the many processes that can become more
sustainable and efficient by using microalgae as a platform.
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