Irrigation and nutrition management strategies in greenhouse hydroponic tomato: effect on yield and water efficiency
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Abstract
In modern agriculture, efficient use of water and fertilizers is imperative to meet the growing global demand for food driven by rapid population growth and the potential global water crisis exacerbated by climate change. This study was conducted on hydroponic tomato cultivation in a greenhouse, including six treatments that combined three levels of nutrition (low, medium, and high) and two irrigation strategies (lower volume with higher frequency and higher volume with lower frequency). Irrigation and drainage volumes, crop evapotranspiration (ETc), drainage electrical conductivity (CE), volumetric humidity in the substrate (θ), dry weight (PS), leaf area (AF), total fruit yield, commercial yield of different qualities and waste, and water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated. There was no effect of the interaction between the level of nutrition and irrigation strategy for any of the variables. Treatments with optimal nutrition achieved the highest WUE, associated with a higher production of commercial first-quality fruits, less waste, and a reduced ETc compared to high nutrition. In contrast, treatments with high nutrient concentrations increased water demand and substrate EC, negatively affecting yield and WUE. The combination of medium nutrition with irrigation adjusted to crop demand favored a better root environment of humidity and salinity, which in turn benefited a more balanced vegetative/productive growth, which was reflected in higher yield and fruit quality, and in the USA.
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