Efectos del cromo en el consumo de oxígeno y excreción de amonio en tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) de agua dulce
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La contaminación por cromo (VI) en cuerpos de agua ha ocurrido por la descarga de aguas residuales industriales, que pueden provenir de industria de curtiembre, minera, o galvanoplastía causando serios problemas a la fauna acuática, principalmente en peces, los cuales pueden sufrir alteraciones histopatológicas en branquias, riñones e intestinos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de cromo (0.0 (control), 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0 y 30.0 mg/L) en el consumo de oxígeno y excreción de amonio en tilapia del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) de agua dulce, ya que esta especie tiene un interés alimenticio y económico en diferentes comunidades del país. Este estudio se realizó utilizando 42 peces juveniles de tilapia de un peso entre 1.0 y 3.0 gramos, los cuales fueron colocados en seis peceras con diferentes concentraciones de cromo. Después de 4 horas de exposición, se trasladaron a un sistema con recirculación de agua y en respirómetros individuales. Para cada concentración se utilizó un grupo de 7 peces, a los que se determinó el consumo de oxígeno y la excreción de amoníaco en cada respirómetro. Los resultados mostraron que al aumentar la concentración de cromo en el agua (p < 0.05), disminuyó el consumo de oxígeno hasta un 62.8% de 0.4168 mL/g/L en el grupo control a 0.1550 mL/g/h en la concentración de 30.0 mg/L de cromo. La excreción de amonio fue mayor (p < 0.05), después de haber sido expuestos los peces a una concentración de 1 mg/L de Cr6+.
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