Use of Hotelling’s T² Statistics to Detect Density Issues in a Metal Foam
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Abstract
The internal structure of a metal foam can be investigated by measuring density profiles, using no destructive testing which scans the material across its thickness or along some representative direction. In this study we analyse the profiles of gamma radiation intensity, absorbed by a metal foam manufactured with a AlSi10 alloy. If these profiles are characterized using shape indicators reflecting the state of density control of the material, it is possible to design a Phase I Hotelling’s chart to identify changes in the mean of these indicators across the space. The approach is based on observing several statistic values consecutively exceeding the established limit, as these may detect density changes within a specific area of the material. It has been verified that the false alarm rate of this approach is very low, which enables the planning of its implementation for monitoring potential internal defects. Furthermore, it provides a method for assessing density uniformity without the need for destructive testing methods.
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