Characterization of microorganisms of medical importance by Raman spectroscopy
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Abstract
Rapid and reliable identification of medically relevant microorganisms remains a challenge in clinical diagnostics. In this study, Raman spectroscopy combined with Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) was evaluated as a complementary tool for the characterization of bacteria and proteins. Three bacterial species (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, and Bacillus pumilus) were analyzed. Silver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized using ex situ and in situ approaches, evaluating the effects of reducing agent, pH, and incubation time. Nanoparticles synthesized ex situ at pH 9 produced spectra with improved band definition and reduced fluorescence interference. The Raman spectra exhibited characteristic bands associated with proteins, nucleic acids, and bacterial cell wall components, consistent with previous reports. These results demonstrate that the implemented methodology enables reproducible spectral profiling and differentiation among bacterial species, as well as structural characterization of recombinant proteins. Raman spectroscopy combined with SERS is confirmed as a rapid and complementary technique for the analysis of biologically relevant material.
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