Induction of mutations and plant biotechnology to produce stress-resistant crops with higher yields
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Abstract
Mutations and the genetic variability caused by them play a fundamental role in the genetic
improvement of plants. Mutation induction or mutagenesis represents a rapid and effective
option for the development of new varieties that maintain optimal productivity levels in
challenging agricultural environments. Mutation induction can be carried out using physical
agents, chemical agents, or gene editing tools. The combined use of mutagenesis with in vitro
tissue culture techniques allows for the establishment of efficient and cost-effective selection
strategies. This article provides a brief overview of mutation induction, the most commonly used
techniques for this purpose, and some improvements achieved in various crops in relation to
biotic stress, abiotic stress, and productive yield. Finally, it examines the historical landscape
of genetic improvement through mutation induction in Costa Rica, specifically in the crops of
greatest economic and social relevance to the country.
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