Extractos antioxidantes y antibacteriales de las cáscaras del rambután (Nephelium lappaceum): explorando el potencial de transformación de subproductos agroindustriales en suplementos funcionales

Contenido principal del artículo

Victor Álvarez-Valverde
Carlos Alfaro-Zúñiga
Andreia Passos-Pequeno
Yendri Carvajal-Miranda
Jorengeth Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Gerardo Rodríguez
Pablo Jiménez-Bonilla

Resumen

El rambután (Nephelium lappaceum L.) es una fruta tropical caracterizada por su forma ovalada
y su cáscara peluda, de la cual principalmente se aprovecha su pulpa jugosa. Las cáscaras,
que constituyen el 45% del peso de la fruta, y son una fuente de compuestos valiosos como la
geranina, el ácido elágico y la quercetina. Estas cáscaras poseen propiedades antimicrobianas
efectivas contra varias bacterias, lo que las hace adecuadas para la conservación y el envasado
de alimentos. Además, los extractos de rambután prometen ser suplementos en la alimentación
animal, mejorando el crecimiento y reduciendo la producción de metano. Esta investigación se
adentra en los atributos antioxidantes y antimicrobianos de diversas variedades de rambután.
Para este efecto, se recolectaron y procesaron las cáscaras (exocarpo) de frutas de rambután
de tres variedades costarricenses: Criolla, Rongrein y Amarillo. Se determinó el contenido
total de polifenoles (TPC), proantocianidinas, actividad antioxidante, contenido de geranina y
actividad antimicrobiana de las tres variedades. Además, se generaron y analizaron fracciones
enriquecidas de proantocianidinas a partir de extractos de rambután. Los resultados revelaron
variaciones en el TPC y la actividad antioxidante entre las diferentes variedades de rambután y
los años de cosecha. Todos los extractos de rambután mostraron actividad antimicrobiana. En
conclusión, la investigación resalta el rico contenido antioxidante en las cáscaras de rambután,
independientemente de la variedad, y subraya su potencial uso tanto en la nutrición humana
como animal debido a su composición química.

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Álvarez-Valverde, V., Alfaro-Zúñiga, C., Passos-Pequeno, A., Carvajal-Miranda, Y., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, J., Rodríguez, G., & Jiménez-Bonilla, P. (2024). Extractos antioxidantes y antibacteriales de las cáscaras del rambután (Nephelium lappaceum): explorando el potencial de transformación de subproductos agroindustriales en suplementos funcionales. Revista Tecnología En Marcha, 37(7), Pág 57–67. https://doi.org/10.18845/tm.v37i7.7298
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