Polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs) en bacterias como alternativa ante el aumento de la contaminación ambiental: análisis metabólico y avances en la actualidad
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Resumen
Los polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA), son plásticos biodegradables sintetizados por una gran variedad de microorganismos y se identifican por compartir características muy similares con los plásticos de origen petroquímico. Estos biopolímeros pueden ser aprovechados para reemplazar materiales de plástico, los mismos que actualmente representan un gran problema de contaminación ambiental al ser poco degradables. Los estudios más recientes, se enfocan en la búsqueda de estrategias de extracción de PHA, empleando la biorremediación en plásticos petroquímicos, combustibles, y en tratamiento de aguas que buscan reducir el impacto de la contaminación ambiental. Todo esto se lleva a cabo mediante reacciones químicas, que las bacterias realizan con las fuentes de carbono, generando PHA mientras se eliminan los desechos contaminantes. La biodegradabilidad es la principal ventaja de estos materiales sintetizados por medio de microrganismos, en comparación con los plásticos convencionales que no poseen esta propiedad. El objetivo de esta revisión es evidenciar la producción de polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA), en bacterias como alternativa ante el aumento de la contaminación ambiental.
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