Aplicaciones biotecnológicas de la degradación bioquímica de madera por acción de hongos Xilófagos: pudrición parda y blanca
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Entre los factores bióticos con habilidad para degradar la madera se encuentran los hongos xilófagos. Estos organismos se clasifican según las preferencias de sustrato de crecimiento y sus patrones de descomposición de la madera; sobresaliendo aquellos causantes de las podredumbres blanca y parda o marrón. La principal diferencia entre ellos reside en su mecanismo de degradación, pues la podredumbre blanca se basa en la hidrólisis enzimática; mientras que la podredumbre marrón realiza una modificación de la lignina mediante la química de Fenton y especies reactivas de oxígeno, para llevar a cabo una posterior hidrólisis enzimática. Tanto la pudrición blanca como la parda poseen valiosas aplicaciones biotecnológicas en cuanto a biorremediación. Entre ellas sobresalen el manejo de desechos, degradación de químicos persistentes en el ambiente, remoción de metales tóxicos, entre otros.
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