Aplicaciones de microorganismos en la biorremediación de suelos mineros contaminados con metales pesados

Contenido principal del artículo

Gabriel Solís-Ramírez
María Jesús Ruiz-González
Jimena Arguedas-Castro
Juan David Bolaños-Acosta
Adrián Navarro-Quesada

Resumen

La minería industrial, tanto como la artesanal, suelen acarrear un considerable daño ambiental que puede verse agravado debido a la contaminación residual en el área. Entre los contaminantes más persistentes se encuentran los metales pesados, los cuales pueden contribuir a una toxicidad del suelo que previene la actividad biológica. La biorremediación, a través del uso de microorganismos como Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., o Mucor sp. se muestra como una tecnología prometedora. A través de mecanismos como la biotransformación o la biosorción, estos microorganismos son capaces de transformar metales en especies menos nocivas, fijarlos a través de moléculas externas, o incluso absorberlos en su interior permitiendo la recuperación de la actividad biológica en el ecosistema. También se ha observado el amplio potencial para eficientizar dichos procesos a través de técnicas de mejoramiento genético, abriendo una valiosa área de acción para investigaciones biotecnológicas. Estudios acerca de la aplicación de microorganismos en la biorremediación de metales pesados en terrenos de explotación  agrícola, o cuerpos de agua demuestran su potencial y sientan las bases para extender su aplicabilidad en otros contextos de contaminación, como los suelos de explotación minera. Para este último caso, la evidencia disponible proviene principalmente de la bioprospección de cepas microbianas resistentes en el sitio, y su posterior evaluación en  condiciones de laboratorio, por lo que su validación mediante ensayos a escala piloto representa la siguiente etapa en la línea de investigación.

Detalles del artículo

Sección

Artículo científico

Cómo citar

Aplicaciones de microorganismos en la biorremediación de suelos mineros contaminados con metales pesados. (2026). Revista Tecnología en Marcha, 39(4), Pág. 77-90. https://doi.org/10.18845/tm.v39i4.8339

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