Psilocybe cubensis: potencial neuropsicofarmacéutico de la psilocibina y psilocina
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Resumen
Los hongos juegan un papel clave en el mantenimiento de la vida en la tierra, ya que
desempeñan múltiples funciones a nivel ecológico. Adicionalmente, son productores de
diversos metabolitos secundarios, entre estos, los alcaloides, los cuales en ciertos casos
pueden proveer propiedades alucinógenas. Psilocybe cubensis es una especie común de
hongos alucinógenos conocida como “hongos mágicos”. Esta especie del filo Basidiomycota,
originaria de Mesoamérica, produce alcaloides como la psilocibina y su derivado desfosforilado,
la psilocina. Se ha estudiado el potencial de estos compuestos en el tratamiento contra distintas
enfermedades como la depresión, la ansiedad, el trastorno de déficit de atención, el estrés
postraumático y el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo. Los hongos que acumulan psilocibina no
suelen ser tóxicos para el consumo, pero sí pueden tener efectos colaterales como náuseas,
vómito, dolor de cabeza, aumento del ritmo cardíaco y de la presión sanguínea. Dado esto y a
limitaciones legales, este hongo y sus compuestos no se encuentran inmersos en el mercado;
sin embargo, nuevas investigaciones demuestran su potencial y evidencian la necesidad de
considerar su comercialización
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