Diseño de un biorreactor tipo tanque agitado para el crecimiento de Rhodococcus opacus
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Resumen
En este artículo se presenta el diseño de un biorreactor de tipo tanque agitado asistido por microcontrolador utilizando conceptos de simplicidad de uso, modularidad, estética y ergonomía, según las necesidades de la empresa Cibus 3.0. El tanque cuenta con tres partes principales tapa, dispone sus elementos según su uso; caja de sensores, dispositivo que utiliza sensores de pH, temperatura y turbidez del medio; y tanque, con una capacidad volumétrica de 21.5 L. Se acopló un vaporizador de mano genérico como método de esterilización in situ. Para evaluar la eficiencia de esterilización se realizaron muestreos superficiales en las zonas más críticas de formación de biofilms (tapa, tubos, pared, impulsor y flecha), tras fermentaciones de E. coli y R. opacus. Se demostró que la máquina de vapor no cumple con el objetivo de eliminar la contaminación, logrando una esterilización del 92%. Sin embargo, el uso de autoclave permitió el rendimiento esperado de esterilización, esto se comprobó al realizar simulaciones de fermentación con medio estéril y no presentar contaminación al finalizar el ensayo. Se determinó la posibilidad de utilizar sensores de pH, sólidos suspendidos y temperatura tomando parte del medio para cada repetición sin afectar la inocuidad del sistema. De esta manera se introduce un dispositivo capaz de tomar las mediciones por medio de microcontrolador. Con el fin de corroborar la funcionalidad del equipo diseñado, se realizaron tres fermentaciones con la bacteria R. opacus, donde se obtuvieron curvas de crecimiento validando el funcionamiento del diseño alrededor del usuario y del proceso.
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