El proceso de transformación digital en las pymes: el papel de las características directivas y organizativas

Contenido principal del artículo

Zhelyu Vladimirov
Irena Mladenova
Olya Harizanova

Resumen

Este estudio, basado en el esquema Tecnología-Organización-Entorno (TOE) y la Teoría del Escalón Superior, tiene como objetivo identificar los factores gerenciales y organizacionales que influyen en la transformación digital (DT) de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) en Bulgaria. Los datos para el estudio se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario aplicado a una muestra de 338 pymes búlgaras. El análisis factorial arrojó siete factores: rendimiento, estrategia digital, barreras percibidas, apoyo estatal, factores externos, uso de tecnología y adopción de DT. Estos factores se utilizaron como nuevas variables compuestas para el análisis de conglomerados, que produjo una solución de tres conglomerados que presenta dos conglomerados muy distintos y un  conglomerado intermedio. El primer conglomerado tuvo los valores más altos para todos los factores excepto las barreras percibidas, mientras que el tercer conglomerado tuvo los valores más bajos para todos los factores. Los resultados muestran que las características del gerente moderan los efectos de los factores TOE en la DT de las pymes, lo que configura cómo estos factores se entienden, utilizan y, en última instancia, se aplican a la DT. Los factores de la transformación digital de las pymes se correlacionan positivamente con la experiencia laboral y la formación de los directivos, el apoyo de la alta dirección, las competencias de los
empleados, el tamaño de la empresa y los sectores manufacturero, de alta tecnología e intensivo en conocimiento. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la edad o el género de la empresa o del directivo. Estos hallazgos podrían  fundamentar las políticas gubernamentales destinadas a brindar apoyo específico a la transformación digital de grupos específicos de pymes. 

Detalles del artículo

Cómo citar
Vladimirov, Z., Mladenova, I., & Harizanova, O. (2026). El proceso de transformación digital en las pymes: el papel de las características directivas y organizativas. TEC Empresarial, 20(2), 30–46. https://doi.org/10.18845/te.v20i2.8630
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