Co-creación como medio para innovar: El papel de las colaboraciones estratégicas verticales y los equipos de I+D para mejorar la innovación en pymes latinoamericanas
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La innovación en las pequeñas y medianas empresas (pymes) depende cada vez más de enfoques colaborativos que integren las capacidades internas con las fuentes de conocimiento externas. En las economías emergentes, las limitaciones de recursos y la digitalización desigual crean tanto la necesidad como la oportunidad de aprovechar las colaboraciones estratégicas verticales y los equipos internos de investigación y desarrollo (I+D) como mecanismos para mejorar la innovación de productos. Este estudio examina si las colaboraciones verticales con proveedores y clientes, así como la presencia de un equipo interno de I+D, influyen en los resultados de la innovación de productos en las pymes latinoamericanas y de qué manera lo hacen. Utilizando datos de 477 pymes en cinco países y aplicando una regresión logística multinivel, los resultados muestran que las colaboraciones con proveedores son positivas y se asocian significativamente con la innovación de producto, mientras que, las colaboraciones con los clientes no son estadísticamente significativas. La presencia de un equipo de I+D tiene un fuerte efecto positivo, pero modera negativamente la relación entre la colaboración con proveedores y la innovación de productos, lo que indica un efecto de sustitución. Estos hallazgos resaltan la importancia de las asociaciones con proveedores para pymes que no cuentan con capacidades internas de I+D, así como el rol estratégico de los equipos de I+D en la configuración de los resultados de la colaboración. El estudio ofrece conocimientos teóricos y prácticos para gerentes y responsables políticos que buscan mejorar la capacidad de innovación en contextos con recursos limitados.
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