Fuentes de conocimiento, innovación, y desempeño de mercado y medioambiental en empresas de servicios intensivos en conocimiento
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Los servicios empresariales intensivos en conocimiento (SEIC) son fundamentales para los sistemas de innovación modernos, ya que facilitan la creación, transferencia y uso del conocimiento entre diversas empresas y sectores. A pesar del creciente interés en los SEIC, los datos empíricos sobre qué impulsa la innovación y cómo esta se relaciona con el desempeño empresarial, especialmente en economías emergentes, siguen siendo limitados. Esta investigación analiza cómo las fuentes de conocimiento contribuyen a la innovación tecnológica y no tecnológica, así como su relación con el desempeño de los SEIC en el mercado y en el medio ambiente. Al analizar datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Innovación de Perú de 2018, que incluye 587 SEIC —clasificados en tecnológicos y profesionales—, el estudio emplea análisis factorial confirmatorio y modelado de ecuaciones estructurales para explorar las relaciones entre las fuentes de conocimiento, las actividades de innovación y el desempeño, considerando el tamaño y la antigüedad de las empresas como variables de control. Los resultados indican que las fuentes de conocimiento fomentan significativamente ambos tipos de innovación, aunque no se encuentra una relación directa entre la innovación y las métricas de desempeño relacionadas con el mercado y el medio ambiente. Esto sugiere que, si bien las fuentes de conocimiento impulsan la innovación en los SEIC, convertirla en un éxito medible depende de otros factores organizativos y de mercado. El estudio avanza en la literatura de tres maneras: primero, aporta evidencia empírica sobre los impulsores de la innovación en los SEIC en un contexto de economía emergente, un área aún poco explorada; segundo, diferencia entre innovación tecnológica y no tecnológica, ofreciendo una comprensión más profunda de los procesos innovadores en los SEIC; y tercero, destaca la importancia de las fuentes de conocimiento en la configuración de la innovación y revela que la relación entre innovación y desempeño empresarial puede ser más compleja de lo que generalmente se asume.
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