La resiliencia al burnout ante la pandemia de COVID-19
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La pandemia de COVID-19 tuvo un impacto negativo sin precedentes en el bienestar mental de las mujeres, especialmente de las madres. Este artículo propone el concepto de “resiliencia al burnout” e introduce el “apoyo estructural” como variable que influye en el burnout laboral de las madres ejecutivas. Existen diferentes tipos de apoyos que promueven la resiliencia, en este caso estudiamos el estructural, el organizacional y el familiar. Examinamos la influencia de los tres tipos de apoyo: estructurales, organizacionales y familiares que permiten la resiliencia en un escenario de desastre como la pandemia. Se destaca la importancia de asegurar apoyos organizacionales y estructurales en las políticas públicas y en las empresas para desarrollar resiliencia cuando se experimenta burnout, en especial en catástrofes naturales, ambientes de guerra, entre otros. La investigación tuvo como objetivo cuantificar el grado de estrés laboral entre 704 madres ejecutivas durante la pandemia, utilizando el Maslach Burnout Inventory General. El método de recolección de datos empleado fue una técnica de muestreo no probabilístico tipo bola de nieve y las
hipótesis se comprobaron mediante la prueba t de comparación de medias y el análisis de varianza unidireccional (ANOVA). Los resultados mostraron la relación entre los apoyos organizativos, familiares y estructurales y el burnout, asimismo reveló que el apoyo organizativo y estructural atenuaba el efecto del burnout, mientras que el apoyo familiar no lo hacía. También las madres ejecutivas experimentaron más burnout durante la pandemia COVID-19 que en épocas anteriores.
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