Análisis interno de las subsidiarias costarricenses: Mecanismos que determinan su Contribución al Crecimiento (Internal analysis for the Costa Rican branches of multinational companies: Their growth contributing mechanisms)
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Abstract
La inversión directa extranjera (IED) tiene un claro impacto en la mejora de los niveles de desarrollo y crecimiento económico de los países receptores. En los últimos veinte años, Costa Rica ha realizado una decidida apuesta por la atracción de IED que, además, ha contribuido al incremento del volumen y la calidad de las exportaciones del país. Las subsidiarias costa- rricenses, propiedad de las empresas multinacionales, constituyen el instrumento a través del cual esa inver- sión exterior se transforma en actividad productiva. El presente estudio, basado en una muestra de ciento dos subsidiarias costarricenses, permite ahondar en el conocimiento de las subsidiarias costarricenses dado que brinda información a nivel micro empresarial de estas unidades corporativas. A partir de los hallazgos encontrados, se presenta una caracterización de dichas subsidiarias y de los altos directos a su cargo. Adicional- mente, se analizan otros aspectos asociados al manejo de las relaciones subsidiaria-casa matriz, las capacidades distintivas que poseen en las diversas actividades que realizan y que las hacen ser atractivas para los inver- sionistas extranjeros, además, se examina el potencial que podrían tener para establecer encadenamientos productivos con empresas nacionales, y, por último, se investiga la gestión emprendedora que ellas realizan, manifestada a través de las iniciativas emprendedoras que impulsan.
Abstract
The foreign direct investment (FDI) has a clearimpact on improving the development and economicgrowth of the receiving countries. During the lasttwenty years Costa Rica bet decidedly on attractingFDI that has contributed to increase the volume andquality of the country’s exports. The Costa Rican foreignsubsidiaries have become the means in whichsaid foreign investment is transformed into productiveactivities. This research of 102 Costa Rican subsidiariesof multinational companies allows us to reach deeplyand unders-tand these corporate units at a micro entrepreneuriallevel. A characterization of said subsidiariesand their top executives is made. Also, the relationshipsbetween subsidiaries and head offices, the distinctivecapabilities for their area of business that make themattractive for foreign investors, their potential for developingpro- ductive chains with local companies andlastly their entrepreneurial procedures were examinedfrom the entrepreneurial initiatives they drive.
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