Riesgo de accidentes laborales en la industria de la construcción: Percepción desde aprendizajes basados en experiencias

Abstract

The study entitled “Risk of occupational accidents in the construction industry: Perceptions from learning by experiences” analyzes how previous experiences, both suffered and observed, influence the perception of occupational risk in the construction industry in Costa Rica, specifically in the provinces of Cartago and Limón. The research, with a sample of 194 workers, seeks to understand the relationship between risk perceptions, accumulated experience and demographic profiles, as well as the territorial differences that may exist between the two regions. It is observed that, in Cartago, the levels of accidents and perception of risk are higher, possibly due to more complex and formal works, while, in Limón, informality and precarious working conditions could generate an underreporting of accidents and lower perception of risk. The research highlights that, although workers accumulate experience over time, this does not necessarily translate into a preventive attitude, in part due to low levels of education and training in occupational safety. In addition, excessive confidence biases are evident, related to tacit and codified knowledge, which make it difficult to adopt preventive measures. The results suggest that security policies should be adapted to territorial particularities, promoting labor formalization, continuous training, and programs that integrate emotional and rational aspects in the perception of risk. In conclusion, strengthening the safety culture and permanent training in the construction sector is essential to reduce the accident rate and improve occupational risk management.