Factores Críticos para el Desempeño Exportador de las Pymes
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Abstract
Dentro de las orientaciones fundamentales detodos los países del mundo, se puede encontrar unfactor común, todos desean alcanzar el desarrolloeconómico y social. A nivel internacional es claro queel mecanismo para lograrlo, es mediante el impulso yfortalecimiento de las pequeñas y medianas empresas,que no solo representan la mayor cantidad de instanciaseconómicas, sino también son las mayores generadorasde empleos a nivel mundial, y entendiendo los procesosde globalización en que se encuentran las Naciones, eldesarrollo de las Pymes exportadoras debe considerarsecomo una indiscutible clave de éxito en los programasde crecimiento. En este trabajo, se presenta unacaracterización general del sector de Pymes a nivellatinoamericano, y a nivel costarricense, posteriormentese define y caracteriza a la pequeña y mediana empresaexportadora, considerando tanto a las firmas como a losemprendedores que las dirigen. Luego se identifican,utilizando la literatura universal, aquellos factores quesegún reconocidos autores mundiales, potencian lasexportaciones o bien dificultan el desarrollo de losprocesos de exportación.
ABSTRACT
Within the fundamental directions of all thecountries of the world, a common factor can be found;all wish to reach economic and social development. Atinternational level it is clear that the mechanism to obtainit is through the impulse and strengthening of small andmedium companies, that not only represent the greatershare of economic institutions, but also are the greatestemployment generators worldwide, and by understandingthe processes of globalization where Nations are today,the development of exporting smes must be consideredan indisputable key to success in growth programs.In the present work, a general characterization of thesector of SMEs at Latin American and at Costa Ricanlevel is presented; later the small and medium exportingcompany is defined and characterized, considering boththe companies as well as the entrepreneurs who managethem. Then those factors that according to recognizedworld-wide authors empower or difficult the developmentof the export processes are identified.
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