Corporate Social Responsibility actions and the economic sustainability of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: a systematic literature review
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to identify the scientific activity dealing with corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions and the economic sustainability of Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) during 2000-2023. We analyze the evolution of conceptual, intellectual, and social aspects through a systematic literature review using the PRISMA methodology. Data analysis was carried out using the tools Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny on a sample of 62 academic articles indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Results indicate that the scientific activity in this field has grown significantly, being 2023 the year with the highest number of publications, while researchers have been classified into five areas:1-Corporate Social Responsibility, 2-Strategy, 3-Perceptions, 4-Leadership, and 5-Financial performance. Other subject areas continue to be of great interest for research, such as "causal and performance indicators", "disclosure, management and sustainability", "context and CSR", and "perspectives models and determinants"
Article Details
The digital version of the journal is registered under the BY-NC-ND 4.0 Creative Commons license. Therefore, this work may be copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
The authors keep the copyright and give the journal the right of the first publication and the possibility of editing, reproducing, distributing, exhibiting and communicating in the country and abroad through printed and electronic means. On the other hand, the author declares to assume the commitment on any litigation or claim related to the rights of intellectual property, exonerating of responsibility to the Business School of the Costa Rica Institute of Technology.
References
Apospori, E. (2018). Regional CSR policies and SMEs' CSR actions: Mind the gap-The case of the tourism SMEs in Crete. Sustainability, 10(7), 2197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072197
Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
* Avram, D. O., & Kühne, S. (2008). Implementing responsible business behavior from a strategic management perspective: Developing a framework for Austrian SMEs. Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 463-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9897-7
* Baden, D., Harwood, I. A., & Woodward, D. G. (2011). The effects of procurement policies on 'downstream'corporate social responsibility activity: Content-analytic insights into the views and actions of SME owner-managers. International Small Business Journal, 29(3), 259-277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242610375770
Badulescu, A., Badulescu, D., Saveanu, T., & Hatos, R. (2018). The relationship between firm size and age, and its social responsibility actions-Focus on a developing country (Romania). Sustainability, 10(3), 805. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030805
Barchiesi, M. A., & Colladon, A. F. (2021). Corporate core values and social responsibility: What really matters to whom. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170, 120907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120907
* Barrio-Fraile, E., & Enrique-Jiménez, A. M. (2021). The strategic value of corporate social responsibility CSR: the present and future of its management. Profesional de la información, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.may.12
Bartolacci, F., Caputo, A., & Soverchia, M. (2020). Sustainability and financial performance of small and medium sized enterprises: A bibliometric and systematic literature review. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(3), 1297-1309. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2434
* Benito-Hernández, S., López-Cózar-Navarro, C., & Priede-Bergamini, T. (2023). The influence of government support over environmental protection investment on SMEs: R&D collaboration and financial aspects. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 32(2), 836-846. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12496
Bonilla-Chaves, E. F., & Palos-Sánchez, P. R. (2023). Exploring the evolution of human resource analytics: a bibliometric study. Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 244. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13030244
* Bonilla-Priego, M. J., Nájera-Sánchez, J. J., & Font, X. (2022). Beyond ethics: The transformational power of overlapping motivations in implementing strategic sustainability actions. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(3), 685-697. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2912
* Bouzari, P., Gyenge, B., Ebrahimi, P., & Fekete-Farkas, M. (2023). Problem solving and budget allocation of SMEs: Application of NCA approach. Computation, 11(3), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/computation11030048
Castillo-Esparza, M. M. G. C., Maldonado-Guzmán, G., & Mejía-Trejo, J. (2024). Green business strategy and its effect on financial performance: The mediating role of corporate social responsibility. Tec Empresarial, 18(2), 1-17. http://doi.org/10.18845/te.v18i2.7134
* Chassé, S., & Boiral, O. (2017). Legitimizing corporate (un) sustainability: A case study of passive SMEs. Organization & Environment, 30(4), 324-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026616672
* Chehimi, M., & Géraudel, M. (2023). Barriers to the implementation of corporate social responsibility in a network of French retirement homes. Journal of the International Council for Small Business, 4(4), 330-336. https://doi.org/10.1080/26437 015.2022.2108738
Commission of the European Communities (2001). Promoting a European Framework for Corporate Social Responsibilities, COM(2001) 366 final, Brussels.
* Coppola, A., Ianuario, S., Romano, S., & Viccaro, M. (2020). Corporate social responsibility in agri-food firms: The relationship between CSR actions and firm's performance. AIMS Environmental Science, 7(6), 542-558. https://doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2020034
* Cornelius, N., Todres, M., Janjuha-Jivraj, S., Woods, A., & Wallace, J. (2008). Corporate social responsibility and the social enterprise. Journal of Business Ethics, 81, 355-370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9500-7
* Courrent, J. M., & Omri, W. (2022). Closing the gap between stakeholder pressure and SME owner-managers' commitment to sustainability: Does the business case logic matter? Journal of Enterprising Culture, 30(04), 401-430. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495822500133
* Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 15(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.132
Dwekat, A., Seguí-Mas, E., & Tormo-Carbó, G. (2020). The effect of the board on corporate social responsibility: bibliometric and social network analysis. Economic research-Ekonomska istrazivanja, 33(1), 3580-3603. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1776139
* Esparza, M. M. G. C. C., Madrid-Guijarro, A., & Maldonado-Guzmán, G. (2025). Greening Mexican manufacturing: Examining the role of SMEs in environmental preservation through green business strategies, eco-innovation, and corporate social responsibility. Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3166
* Fassin, Y. (2008). SMEs and the fallacy of formalising CSR. Business Ethics: a European Review, 17(4), 364-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2008.00540.x
* Fayyaz, A., Lund-Thomsen, P., & Lindgreen, A. (2017). Industrial clusters and CSR in developing countries: The role of international donor funding. Journal of Business Ethics, 146, 619-637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2940-6
* Font, X., Garay, L., & Jones, S. (2016). Sustainability motivations and practices in small tourism enterprises in European protected areas. Journal of Cleaner production, 137, 1439-1448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.071
* Fouda, J. B., & Touboulic, A. (2023). CSR in very small entities and small enterprises in the African context: overview and modeling. M@ n@ gement, 26(2), 34-53. https://shs.cairn.info/journal-management-2023-2-page-34?lang=en
* Gallardo-Vázquez, D., & Sánchez-Hernández, M. I. (2014). Structural analysis of the strategic orientation to environmental protection in SMEs. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 17(2), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2013.12.001
* Galli, D., Torelli, R., & Caccialanza, A. (2024). Sustainability performance and sustainability reporting in SMEs: a love affair or a fight? Journal of Management & Organization, 30(3), 574-599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2023.40
Gamón-Sanz, A., Alegre, J., & Chiva, R. (2024). Industries, frameworks, and key drivers of lean startup: a systematic literature review. Tec Empresarial, 18(2), 51-80. http://doi.org/10.18845/te.v18i2.7137
* Gellert, F. J., & De Graaf, F. J. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and aging workforces: an explorative study of corporate social responsibility implementation in small-and medium-sized enterprises. Business Ethics: A European Review, 21(4), 353-363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8608.2012.01659.x
* Glavopoulos, E., Bersimis, S., Georgakellos, D., & Sfakianakis, M. (2014). Investigating the factors affecting companies' attitudes towards CSR and CER during the fiscal crisis in Greece. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 57(11), 1612-1641. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2013.826577
* Glavopoulos, E., Bersimis, S., Georgakellos, D., & Sfakianakis, M. (2014). Investigating the factors affecting companies' attitudes towards CSR and CER during the fiscal crisis in Greece. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 57(11), 1612-1641. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2013.826577
* Gorondutse, A. H., & Hilman, H. (2019). Does organizational culture matter in the relationship between trust and SMEs performance. Management Decision, 57(7), 1638-1658. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2018-0557
Grimstad, S. M. F., Glavee-Geo, R., & Fjørtoft, B. E. (2020). SMEs motivations for CSR: an exploratory study. European Business Review, 32(4), 553-572. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-01-2019-0014
* Guedes, M. D. G., Ferreira, F., Urbano, L. M. O. G., & Marques, A. M. D. R. (2017). Corporate social responsibility: Competitiveness in the context of textile and fashion value chain. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 16(5), 1193-1202 https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2017.125
Hajawiyah, A., Adhariani, D., & Djakman, C. (2019). The sequential effect of CSR and COE: family ownership moderation. Social Responsibility Journal, 15(7), 939-954. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-09-2017-0179
Halme, M., Rintamäki, J., Knudsen, J. S., Lankoski, L., & Kuisma, M. (2020). When is there a sustainability case for CSR? Pathways to environmental and social performance improvements. Business & Society, 59(6), 1181-1227. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650318755648
* Harangozó, G., & Zilahy, G. (2015). Cooperation between business and non-governmental organizations to promote sustainable development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 89, 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1016Zj.jclepro.2014.10.092
* Hatmanu, M., Sandu, C. B., & Jaba, E. (2019). A comparative study on drivers for corporate environmental responsibility, EU15 vs. EU-NMS13. Sustainability, 11(22), 63-97. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226397
Hsueh, J. W. J., De Massis, A., & Gomez-Mejia, L. (2023). Examining heterogeneous configurations of socioemotional wealth in family firms through the formalization of corporate social responsibility strategy. Family Business Review, 36(2), 172-198. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865221146350
Iaia, L., Vrontis, D., Maizza, A., Fait, M., Scorrano, P. & Cavallo, F. (2019). Family businesses, corporate social responsibility, and websites: The strategies of Italian wine firms in talking to stakeholders. British Food Journal, 121(7), 1442-1466. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-07-2018-0445
* Jamali, D., Lund-Thomsen, P., & Khara, N. (2017). CSR institutionalized myths in developing countries: An imminent threat of selective decoupling. Business & Society, 56(3), 454-486. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650315584303
* Jenkins, H. (2006). Small business champions for corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics , 67, 241-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9182-6
Kavadis, N. & Thomsen, S. (2023). Sustainable corporate governance: A review of research on long-term corporate ownership and sustainability. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 31(1), 198-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12486
Krasodomska, J., & Godawska, J. (2020). CSR in non-large public interest entities: Corporate talk vs. Actions. Sustainability , 12(21), 9075. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219075
* Kraus, P., Stokes, P., Cooper, S. C., Liu, Y., Moore, N., Britzelmaier, B., & Tarba, S. (2020). Cultural antecedents of sustainability and regional economic development-a study of SME 'Mittelstand'firms in Baden-Württemberg (Germany). Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 32(7-8), 629-653. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2020.1713223
* Kress-Ludwig, M., Funcke, S., Böhm, M., & Ruppert-Winkel, C. (2019). A citizen survey in the district of Steinfurt, Germany: Insights into the local perceptions of the social and environmental activities of enterprises in their region. Sustainability , 11(6), 1767. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061767
Le, T. T. (2023). Corporate social responsibility and SMEs' performance: mediating role of corporate image, corporate reputation and customer loyalty. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(10), 4565-4590. https://doi.org/10.1108/ IJOEM-07-2021-1164
* Liakh, O., & Spigarelli, F. (2020). Managing corporate sustainability and responsibility efficiently: A review of existing literature on business groups and networks. Sustainability , 12(18), 7722. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187722
* Liang-Chih, H., Tzeng-Tian, H., & Chien-Bin, H. (2022). Companies to promote CSR impact on employees: High-performance work systems as a moderator. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 31(4), 999-1013. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12468
* Lu, J., Ren, L., Zhang, C., Rong, D., Ahmed, R. R., & Streimikis, J. (2020). Modified Carroll's pyramid of corporate social responsibility to enhance organizational performance of SMEs industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 271, 122456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122456
* Lyons, M., Bartlett, J., & McDonald, P. (2016). Corporate social responsibility in junior and mid-tier resources companies operating in developing nations-beyond the public relations offensive. Resources Policy, 50, 204-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.10.005
Madueno, J. H., Jorge, M. L., Conesa, I. M., & Martínez-Martínez, D. (2016). Relationship between corporate social responsibility and competitive performance in Spanish SMEs: Empirical evidence from a stakeholders' perspective. BRQ Business Research Quarterly , 19(1), 55-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2015.06.002
Maldonado-Erazo, C. P., Álvarez-García, J., del Río-Rama, M. D. L. C., & Correa-Quezada, R. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and performance in SMEs: scientific coverage. Sustainability , 12(6), 2332. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062332
Martins, A., Branco, M. C., Melo, P. N. & Machado, C. (2022). Sustainability in small and medium-sized enterprises: a systematic literature review and future research agenda. Sustainability , 14(11 ), 6493. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116493
Maya-Restrepo, M. A., Pérez-Rave, J. I., & González-Echavarría, F. (2024). Systematic literature review on customer analytics capabilities. Cuadernos de Administración, 40(79), e2013472. https://doi.org/10.25100/cdea.v40i79.13475
* Miklian, J. (2019). Contextualising and theorising economic development, local business and ethnic cleansing in Myanmar. Conflict, Security & Development, 19(1), 55-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2019.1561624
* Montes, E. C. C., & García, B. M. J. (2023). Modelo de negocio inclusivo para PyMES en base a objetivos de RSE y la agenda 2030, para el desarrollo sostenible. Revista Ra Ximhai, 19(3), 201-221. https://doi.org/10.35197/rx.19.03.2023.09.ec
Neacsu, M., & Georgescu, I. E. (2023). Financial performance- organizational sustainability relationship. literature review. Scientific Annals of Economics and Business, 70, 99-120 https://doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2023-0016
* Nitu, R. V., & Vladu, M. (2022). Study on social responsibility and sustainable development within agricultural SMEs in the South-Muntenia Region, Romania. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development 22(3), 459-465 https://managementjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/vol.22_3/volume_22_3_2022.pdf
Otero-González, L., Durán-Santomil, P., Rodriguez-Gil, L. I., & Lado-Sestayo, R. (2021). Does a company's profitability influence the level of CSR development? Sustainability , 13(6), 3304. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063304
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D. & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
* Permatasari, P., & Gunawan, J. (2023). Sustainability policies for small medium enterprises: WHO are the actors? Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 9, 100122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2023.100122
* Perrini, F. (2006). SMEs and CSR theory: Evidence and implications from an Italian perspective. Journal of Business Ethics , 67, 305-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9186-2
* Pfajfar, G., Shoham, A., Malecka, A., & Zalaznik, M. (2022). Value of corporate social responsibility for multiple stakeholders and social impact-Relationship marketing perspective. Journal of business research, 143, 46-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.051
* Rahman, F., & Norman, R. T. (2016). The effect of firm scale and CSR geographical scope of impact on consumers' response. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 28, 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2015.10.006
Ramírez, R. A. V., Abadía, J. M. M., & Fondevila, M. Á. M. (2024). El Reporte Integrado como instrumento comunicador de la RSE en América Latina. Contaduría Universidad de Antioquia, 84, 99-120. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rc.n84a05
Recommendation of the European Commission. (2003). Commission recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. Official Journal of the European Union, 361.
* Reverte, C. (2015). The new Spanish corporate social responsibility strategy 2014-2020: A crucial step forward with new challenges ahead. Journal of Cleaner Production, 91, 327-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.041
Saavedra García, M. L. (2022). Business sustainability and financial performance. Cuadernos De Administracion, 38(72), e4011031. https://doi.org/10.25100/cdea.v38i72.10835
Salerno, M. D., Tataru, C. A., & Mallory, M. R. (2015). Word community allocation: discovering latent topics via word cooccurrence network structure. Stanf. Netw. Anal. Proj, 9.
Sánchez-Camacho, C., Carranza, R., Martín-Consuegra, D., & Díaz, E. (2022). Evolution, trends and future research lines in corporate social responsibility and tourism: A bibliometric analysis and science mapping. Sustainable Development, 30(3), 462-476. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2260
Sánchez-Teba, E. M., Benítez-Márquez, M. D., Bermúdez-González, G., & Luna-Pereira, M. D. M. (2021). Mapping the knowledge of CSR and sustainability. Sustainability , 13(18), 10106. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810106
Santis, S. (2020). The demographic and economic determinants of financial sustainability: An analysis of Italian local governments. Sustainability , 12(18), 7599.. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187599
Santos-Jaen, J. M., Madrid-Guijarro, A., & García-Pérez-de-Lema, D. (2021). The impact of corporate social responsibility on innovation in small and medium-sized enterprise s: The mediating role of debt terms and human capital. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(4), 1200-1215. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2125
* Saveanu, T. G., Abrudan, M. M., Saveanu, S. M., & Matei, M. C. (2019). Predictors of social responsibility actions of SMEs in Romania. In Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics in the Central and Eastern Europe (pp. 120-151). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845298696
* Saveanu, T., Badulescu, D., Saveanu, S., Abrudan, M. M., & Badulescu, A. (2021). The role of owner-managers in shaping CSR activity of Romanian SMEs. Sustainability , 13(20), 11546. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011546
Singh, S. & Mittal, S. (2019). Analysis of drivers of CSR practices' implementation among family firms in India: A stakeholder's perspective. International Journal of Organizational Analysis 27(4), 947-971 https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-09-2018-1536
* Skypalová, R., Kucerová, R., & Blasková, V. (2016). Development of the corporate social responsibility concept in small and medium-sized enterprises. Prague Economic Papers, 2016(3), 287-303. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.558
Soundararajan, V., Jamali, D., & Spence, L. J. (2018). Small business social responsibility: A critical multilevel review, synthesis and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 20(4), 934-956. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12171
Srbová, P., Rezñáková, M., & Tomásková, A. (2023). Socially responsible activities and the economic performance of family businesses. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 7(1), 1958. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v7i1.1958
* Stewart, H., & Gapp, R. (2014). Achieving effective sustainable management: A small-medium enterprise case study. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 21(1), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1305
Su, S., Zhu, F. & Zhou, H. (2022). A systematic literature review on ownership and corporate social responsibility in family firms. Sustainability , 14(13 ), 7817. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137817
* Sundström, A., Hyder, A. S., & Chowdhury, E. H. (2020). Market-oriented CSR implementation in SMEs with sustainable innovations: an action research approach. Baltic Journal of Management, 15(5), 775-795. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-03-2020-0091
Szegedi, K., Németh, T., & Kôrtvési, D. (2023). Employer branding in the fashion industry: CSR actions by fashion SMEs. Sustainability , 15(3), 1827. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031827
TeSovicová, Z. J., & Krchová, H. (2022). Implementation of corporate social responsibility environmental actions in comparison of small, medium, and large enterprises in the Slovak Republic. Sustainability , 14(9), 5712. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095712
* Tiep Le, T., Ngo, H. Q., & Aureliano-Silva, L. (2023). Contribution of corporate social responsibility on SMEs' performance in an emerging market-the mediating roles of brand trust and brand loyalty. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(8), 1868-1891. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-12-2020-1516
* Tomasella, B., & Ali, A. (2019). The importance of personal values and hospitableness in small foodservice businesses' social responsibility. Hospitality & Society, 9(3), 307-329. https://doi.org/10.1386/hosp_00004_1
* Uba, C. D., Hasan, M. N., & Mshelia, J. B. (2023). Social responsibility in micro businesses in an African context: Towards a theoretical understanding. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 32(1), 164-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/ beer.12476
Valiente, J. M. A., Ayerbe, C. G., & Figueras, M. S. (2012). Social responsibility practices and evaluation of corporate social performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 35, 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjclepro.2012.05.002
* Walkiewicz, J., Lay-Kumar, J., & Herzig, C. (2021 businesses). The integration of sustainability and externalities into the "corporate DNA": A practice-oriented approach. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 21(3), 479-496. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-06-2020-0244
* Westman, L., Luederitz, C., Kundurpi, A., Mercado, A. J., Weber, O., & Burch, S. L. (2019). Conceptualizing as social actors: A framework for understanding sustainability actions in small-and medium-sized enterprises. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(2), 388-402. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2256
Yanez, A. B., Hernández, J. P. S. I., Gutierrez, B. S. & Jimenez, E. P. (2021). Corporate social responsibility in micro-, small-and medium-sized enterprises: Multigroup analysis of family vs. nonfamily firms. Journal of Business Research, 124, 581-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjbusres.2020.10.023
Zarefar, A., Agustia, D. & Soewarno, N. (2022). Bridging the gap between sustainability disclosure and firm performance in Indonesian firms: the moderating effect of the family firm. Sustainability , 14(19 ), 12022. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912022